Critically Analyse How Your Contribution to Your Ipe Team Impacted on the Functioning and Ultimate Output of This Team

This essay will demonstrate to the reader how my personal contribution to the inter professional education (IPE) team impacted towards the purpose and output of team working throughout this module. The essay will aim to draw upon several theories in order to support the research gathered on different ways of effective team working methods. In addition to this, team working roles will be discussed and will include the contribution I made as an individual. Furthermore, the essay will draw upon how this experience will affect how the student approach’s team working within the healthcare setting. The IPE team consisted of five individuals, all from different professional disciplines: two radiographers, a paramedic, a physiotherapist and myself a paediatric nurse. A productive team is essential for the success of any task and for this to take place the team needs to develop over several stages prior to the productive stage (Wong, 2007). The model constructed by Tuckman and Jenson (1977) involves four stages; forming, storming, norming and performing. Looking at the four stages, not all teams go through all the above stages and not all teams go through the stages in the same way. However, a successful team is one who can adapt through the different stages as and when required (Borrill, 2002). Our team fluctuated many times through these different stages, however, this can be seen as a characteristic of a successful team (Avery, 2004). Looking at the theoretical behaviours of the team throughout the different stages, the team had reached the performing stage, meaning the team were producing outstanding results. This involved the members of the team working together to undertake the task at hand. During week two of the module, the team met and each team member introduced themselves. Moreover, the group took time to inform each other about their roles within their different healthcare professions. At this stage, all members of the group were rather quiet and from the onset there was no leader that I could identify. This was because we were in the ‘forming’ stage of group development (Tuckman & Jenson, 1977). As the team had never met prior to this stage, the forming stage was possibly the most important. Our first task to be carried out as a team was to create and present a presentation on the topic of new ways of working. As a team we identified our own individual strengths and weaknesses and also took this time to get to know one another better. We discussed the role of appointing a team leader, however at this stage no one wanted to take up this responsibility. By not assigning a leader at this point, can be seen as a disadvantage as this meant there was no specific person delegating the work between the members of the team (Fisher, 2000). Therefore, we agreed to work together and decided to distribute the work evenly between us. By doing this, it can be said that we were a consolidating team as each of us knew what work had to be done for the following meeting (Woodcock, 1979). Each member kept to their designated tasks and completed it well however exact roles within the group were not noticeable. As time was a huge factor, I felt the team pulled together very well, producing and delivering a successful presentation. Having delivered the formative presentation, at the end of week two, each team was given the remit for the summative presentation. As a group we came to the decision that we would meet before members went out to practice placements. In the first meeting where the summative presentation was discussed, as a group we decided the initial research for the topic should be split equally between us. As we recovered an excellent result whilst doing the formative presentation, we felt this method worked for us. We then agreed that the next meeting should consist of sharing the different information each group member had obtained. This would then enable us to decide what our presentation would be based on and hence what information should be provided in the presentation to acknowledge the audience about our service. The ‘storming’ and ‘norming’ stages of Tuckman and Jenson’s (1977) model took place in the following meetings. At this point I felt there were more evident roles within the team although it was clear each team member had their own individual strengths. According to Belbin’s (2001) team roles, I felt within the team we had a co-ordinator, implementer, plant, team worker and a specialist. As a team we were able to share ideas and work together to help each other out. The roles within the team changed overtime nd it could be seen some members of the group undertook more than one role. The group shared their ideas with each other in order to come up with a reasonable service to provide for the public. However, the team faced obstacles as the initial service did not meet the aims and objectives set out. To overcome this, we conversed as a team and did not let this fall back put our spirits down. Thinking of a service to involve all of our different professional disciplines was hard for the team as it had to focus upon paediatrics, as my course is directed at paediatric nursing. Some members of the team found it hard to grasp the concept of the service being aimed at paediatrics only, as their individual professions include treating adults as well as children. At this stage I found myself taking on a slight leadership role as my profession involves taking care of children and ensuring their needs are met. According to Belbin’s (2001) team roles, I felt my role in the team was a co-ordinator as well as a plant. At the end of meetings I found myself delegating small tasks to each individual so that research gathered could then be brought together in order to begin to build a foundation for our presentation. Another member of the group also took this role and we found working together produced efficient and faster results. As time progressed, members of the team began to notice a couple of the group members were struggling with research and were not pulling their weight as much as the rest of the team. During our meetings, it could be seen that these members of the group, took on a specialist role within the group (Belbin, 2001). Even though they provided some knowledge and skills to the group, this was seen to be on a rare basis and contribution to the task was minimal (Belbin, 2001). Personally I was disappointed as time was a factor and certain areas of research were not being carried out. A team leader can be defined as one who can persuade people to agree with their way of working through a non coercive manner (Marquis & Huston, 2009). On the other hand, any one can be a leader, and each can have their own different behavioural style (Cartwright, 1951). Looking at this, any of the team members could have spoken to the remaining group members regarding their lack of input towards the presentation. Analysing the situation, shows that I took more of a Laissez-faire type of leadership style as I never confronted the group members who did not contribute as much as others (Cartwright, 1951). As the deadline approached, the team members carried out the remainder of the research in order to finalise the presentation. My role had now become a completer/ finisher as well as still aiming to co-ordinate the team and be a team worker. This meant along with helping others, I also had the task of ensuring all the work was completed to a high standard. With the help from other team members, I was able to ensure all outcomes had been achieved, ready to deliver the final presentation. Fortunately we moved into the performing stage fairly quickly which aided making up for time lost during the extended storming phase. The team worked very well together and rarely needed my input as a co-ordinator. Members were working harmoniously in order to complete the task and therefore, my main role at this stage was to facilitate the process and complete my aspect of the task. As stated above, taking the role as completer, I made sure everything was done to the best of the team’s ability. Mini deadlines were set to keep the team working at a comfortable pace, ensuring all team members could discuss their progress with one another. The other two members of the team as well as my self, who shared the role as co-ordinators, set a deadline before the presentation was to be delivered in order to give us enough time to correct any problems. This gave the group enough time to rehearse the presentation and ensure that the work produced was to the best of our ability. The latest vision for the improvement of healthcare states a greater level of communication between healthcare professionals is vital (UK Department of Health, 2008). Going through the process of working with other healthcare professionals was a simulation of what working inter-professionally in the real world would be like. The conflicts that were come across, especially those that arose from members having different healthcare backgrounds and therefore making time an issue, gave a true picture of how difficult this new vision will be to achieve. However, it also taught us how these problems can be overcome and how having an understanding and appreciation of other healthcare professional’s responsibilities is crucial for integrated patient care. Simple things, for example, re-iterating common goals made the team’s performance more focussed. On the whole, the process and concept of inter-professional learning to achieve a successful outcome was a very valuable task in preparing us to work as a team in the healthcare environment and is now crucial to achieve the best possible patient care available.

Part Two Chapter VI

VI ‘The fuck have you done to your face? Come off the bike again?' asked Fats. ‘No,' said Andrew. ‘Si-Pie hit me. I was trying to tell the stupid cunt he'd got it wrong about Fairbrother.' He and his father had been in the woodshed, filling the baskets that sat on either side of the wood-burner in the sitting room. Simon had hit Andrew around the head with a log, knocking him into the pile of wood, grazing his acne-covered cheek. D'you think you know more about what goes on than I do, you spotty little shit? If I hear you've breathed a word of what goes on in this house – I haven't – I'll fucking skin you alive, d'you hear me? How do you know Fairbrother wasn't on the fiddle too, eh? And the other fucker was the only one dumb enough to get caught? And then, whether out of pride or defiance, or because his fantasies of easy money had taken too strong a hold on his imagination to become dislodged by facts, Simon had sent in his application forms. Humiliation, for which the whole family would surely pay, was a certainty. Sabotage. Andrew brooded on the word. He wanted to bring his father crashing down from the heights to which his dreams of easy money had raised him, and he wanted to do it, if at all possible (for he preferred glory without death), in such a way that Simon would never know whose manoeuvrings had brought his ambitions to rubble. He confided in nobody, not even Fats. He told Fats nearly everything, but the few omissions were the vast topics, the ones that occupied nearly all his interior space. It was one thing to sit in Fats' room with hard-ons and look up ‘girl-on-girl action' on the internet: quite another to confess how obsessively he pondered ways of engaging Gaia Bawden in conversation. Likewise, it was easy to sit in the Cubby Hole and call his father a cunt, but never would he have told how Simon's rages turned his hands cold and his stomach queasy. But then came the hour that changed everything. It started with nothing more than a yearning for nicotine and beauty. The rain had passed off at last, and the pale spring sun shone brightly on the fish-scale dirt on the school-bus windows as it jerked and lurched through the narrow streets of Pagford. Andrew was sitting near the back, unable to see Gaia, who was hemmed in at the front by Sukhvinder and the fatherless Fairbrother girls, newly returned to school. He had barely seen Gaia all day and faced a barren evening with only stale Facebook pictures to console him. As the bus approached Hope Street, it struck Andrew that neither of his parents was at home to notice his absence. Three cigarettes that Fats had given him resided in his inside pocket; and Gaia was getting up, holding tightly to the bar on the back of the seat, readying herself to descend, still talking to Sukhvinder Jawanda. Why not? Why not? So he got up too, swung his bag over his shoulder, and when the bus stopped walked briskly up the aisle after the two girls as they got out. ‘See you at home,' he threw out to a startled Paul as he passed. He reached the sunny pavement and the bus rumbled away. Lighting up, he watched Gaia and Sukhvinder over the top of his cupped hands. They were not heading towards Gaia's house in Hope Street, but ambling up towards the Square. Smoking and scowling slightly in unconscious imitation of the most unself-conscious person he knew – Fats – Andrew followed them, his eyes feasting on Gaia's copper-brown hair as it bounced on her shoulder blades, the swing of her skirt as her hips swayed beneath it. The two girls slowed down as they approached the Square, advancing towards Mollison and Lowe, which had the most impressive fa;ade of them all: blue and gold lettering across the front and four hanging baskets. Andrew hung back. The girls paused to examine a small white sign pasted to the window of the new cafe, then disappeared into the delicatessen. Andrew walked once around the Square, past the Black Canon and the George Hotel, and stopped at the sign. It was a hand-lettered advertisement for weekend staff. Hyperconscious of his acne, which was particularly virulent at the moment, he knocked out the end of his cigarette, put the long stub back into his pocket and followed Gaia and Sukhvinder inside. The girls were standing beside a little table piled high with boxed oatcakes and crackers, watching the enormous man in the deerstalker behind the counter talking to an elderly customer. Gaia looked around when the bell over the door tinkled. ‘Hi,' Andrew said, his mouth dry. ‘Hi,' she replied. Blinded by his own daring, Andrew walked nearer, and the school bag over his shoulder bumped into the revolving stand of guides to Pagford and Traditional West Country Cooking. He seized the stand and steadied it, then hastily lowered his bag. ‘You after a job?' Gaia asked him quietly, in her miraculous London accent. ‘Yeah,' he said. ‘You?' She nodded. ‘Flag it up on the suggestion page, Eddie,' Howard was booming at the customer. ‘Post it on the website, and I'll get it on the agenda for you. Pagford Parish Council – all one word – dot co, dot UK, slash, Suggestion Page. Or follow the link. Pagford †¦' He reiterated slowly, as the man pulled out paper and a pen with a quivering hand ‘†¦ Parish †¦' Howard's eyes flicked over the three teenagers waiting quietly beside the savoury biscuits. They were wearing the half-hearted uniform of Winterdown, which permitted so much laxity and variation that it was barely a uniform at all (unlike that of St Anne's, which comprised a neat tartan skirt and a blazer). For all that, the white girl was stunning; a precision-cut diamond set off by the plain Jawanda daughter, whose name Howard did not know, and a mouse-haired boy with violently erupted skin. The customer creaked out of the shop, the bell tinkled. ‘Can I help you?' Howard asked, his eyes on Gaia. ‘Yeah,' she said, moving forwards. ‘Um. About the jobs.' She pointed at the small sign in the window. ‘Ah, yes,' said Howard, beaming. His new weekend waiter had let him down a few days previously; thrown over the cafe for Yarvil and a supermarket job. ‘Yes, yes. Fancy waitressing, do you? We're offering minimum wage – nine to half-past five, Saturdays – twelve to half-past five, Sundays. Opening two weeks from today; training provided. How old are you, my love?' She was perfect, perfect, exactly what he had been imagining: fresh-faced and curvy; he could just imagine her in a figure-hugging black dress with a lace-edged white apron. He would teach her to use the till, and show her around the stockroom; there would be a bit of banter, and perhaps a little bonus on days when the takings were up. Howard sidled out from behind the counter and, ignoring Sukhvinder and Andrew, took Gaia by the upper arm, and led her through the arch in the dividing wall. There were no tables and chairs there yet, but the counter had been installed and so had a tiled black and cream mural on the wall behind it, which showed the Square in Yesteryear. Crinolined women and men in top hats swarmed everywhere; a brougham carriage had drawn up outside a clearly marked Mollison and Lowe, and beside it was the little cafe, The Copper Kettle. The artist had improvised an ornamental pump instead of the war memorial. Andrew and Sukhvinder were left behind, awkward and vaguely antagonistic to each other. ‘Yes? Can I help you?' A stooping woman with a jet-black bouffant had emerged from out of a back room. Andrew and Sukhvinder muttered that they were waiting, and then Howard and Gaia reappeared in the archway. When he saw Maureen, Howard dropped Gaia's arm, which he had been holding absent-mindedly while he explained to her what a waitress's duties would be. ‘I might have found us some more help for the Kettle, Mo,' he said. ‘Oh, yes?' said Maureen, switching her hungry gaze to Gaia. ‘Have you got experience?' But Howard boomed over her, telling Gaia all about the delicatessen and how he liked to think it was a bit of a Pagford institution, a bit of a landmark. ‘Thirty-five years, it's been,' said Howard, with a majestic disdain of his own mural. ‘The young lady's new to town, Mo,' he added. ‘And you two are after jobs as well, are you?' Maureen asked Sukhvinder and Andrew. Sukhvinder shook her head; Andrew made an equivocal movement with his shoulders; but Gaia said, with her eyes on the girl, ‘Go on. You said you might.' Howard considered Sukhvinder, who would most certainly not appear to advantage in a tight black dress and frilly apron; but his fertile and flexible mind was firing in all directions. A compliment to her father – something of a hold over her mother – an unasked favour granted; there were matters beyond the purely aesthetic that ought, perhaps, to be considered here. ‘Well, if we get the business we're expecting, we could probably do with two,' he said, scratching his chins with his eyes on Sukhvinder, who had blushed unattractively. ‘I don't †¦' she said, but Gaia urged her. ‘Go on. Together.' Sukhvinder was flushed, and her eyes were watering. ‘I †¦' ‘Go on,' whispered Gaia. ‘I †¦ all right.' ‘We'll give you a trial, then, Miss Jawanda,' said Howard. Doused in fear, Sukhvinder could hardly breathe. What would her mother say? ‘And I suppose you're wanting to be potboy, are you?' Howard boomed at Andrew. Potboy? ‘It's heavy lifting we need, my friend,' said Howard, while Andrew blinked at him nonplussed: he had only read the large type at the top of the sign. ‘Pallets into the stockroom, crates of milk up from the cellar and rubbish bagged up at the back. Proper manual labour. Do you think you can handle that?' ‘Yeah,' said Andrew. Would he be there when Gaia was there? That was all that mattered. ‘We'll need you early. Eight o'clock, probably. We'll say eight till three, and see how it goes. Trial period of two weeks.' ‘Yeah, fine,' said Andrew. ‘What's your name?' When Howard heard it, he raised his eyebrows. ‘Is your father Simon? Simon Price?' ‘Yeah.' Andrew was unnerved. Nobody knew who his father was, usually. Howard told the two girls to come back on Sunday afternoon, when the till was to be delivered, and he would be at liberty to instruct them; then, though he showed an inclination to keep Gaia in conversation, a customer entered, and the teenagers took their chance to slip outside. Andrew could think of nothing to say once they found themselves on the other side of the tinkling glass door; but before he could marshal his thoughts, Gaia threw him a careless ‘bye', and walked away with Sukhvinder. Andrew lit up the second of Fats' three fags (this was no time for a half-smoked stub), which gave him an excuse to remain stationary while he watched her walk away into the lengthening shadows. ‘Why do they call him â€Å"Peanut†, that boy?' Gaia asked Sukhvinder, once they were out of earshot of Andrew. ‘He's allergic,' said Sukhvinder. She was horrified at the prospect of telling Parminder what she had done. Her voice sounded like somebody else's. ‘He nearly died at St Thomas's; somebody gave him one hidden in a marshmallow.' ‘Oh,' said Gaia. ‘I thought it might be because he had a tiny dick.' She laughed, and so did Sukhvinder, forcing herself, as though jokes about penises were all she heard, day in, day out. Andrew saw them both glance back at him as they laughed, and knew that they were talking about him. The giggling might be a hopeful sign; he knew that much about girls, anyway. Grinning at nothing but the cooling air, he walked off, school bag over his shoulder, cigarette in his hand, across the Square towards Church Row, and thence to forty minutes of steep climbing up out of town to Hilltop House. The hedgerows were ghostly pale with white blossom in the dusk, blackthorn blooming on either side of him, celandine fringing the lane with tiny, glossy heart-shaped leaves. The smell of the flowers, the deep pleasure of the cigarette and the promise of weekends with Gaia; everything blended together into a glorious symphony of elation and beauty as Andrew puffed up the hill. The next time Simon said ‘got a job, Pizza Face?' he would be able to say ‘yes'. He was going to be Gaia Bawden's weekend workmate. And, to cap it all, he knew at last exactly how he might plunge an anonymous dagger straight between his father's shoulder blades.

How to Make Negative Sentences in French

Making sentences negative in French is a bit more complicated than in English. This summary of the different kinds of negation and negation-related grammatical structures should help clear up some of the confusion. The title of each negation category links to a detailed lesson with examples of usage and a quiz. (Don't) just say nonNo, not a chance, I don't think so, and more. nonpas question ! Negative adverbsNegate or restrict the action of the verb they modify. ne... pasne... jamais Negative adjectivesNegate or cast doubt on a quality of the noun they modify. ne... nulne... aucun Negative pronounsNegate or cast doubt on the existence of the noun they replace. ne... rienne... personne Negative conjunctionThere's only one: ne... ni... ni... Negative questionsThere's a special French word to respond yes when someone else says no.lt;br - Non.- Si ! Negating infinitives2-part negative structures stay together in front of infinitives. Ne pas toucher.Ne jamais fermer. N'importe... expressionsDesignate an unspecified person, thing, or characteristic. n'importe quin'importe quel... PasNegate a non-verbal structure. pas beaucouppas souvent Double negativesTwo negatives don't make a positive in French. Ce n'est pas rien.Je n'ai jamais vu personne. Formal negationThere are three negative structures particular to formal French. ne... pointavant qu'il ne... Informal negationNe is often dropped in spoken French. Je sais pas.Bouge pas !

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Reading Comprehension And The Key Pillars Of Reading...

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Cybersecurity and Impact on Data Protection †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cybersecurity and Impact on Data Protection. Answer: Introduction On 27th June 2017, a global cyber attack called Petya affected a wide range of organization sectors like media, telecom, transportation, power. Petya it also known as Petwrap, NotPetya, Petna, Golden eye. The main intention behind this is to encrypt the computers and demand a ransom. This ransomware is similar to wannacry ransomware attack that took place in May 2017(Akkas, Chachamis Fetahu, 2017). This ransomware affected the countries like United States, Netherland, France, India, Spain and Russia and Ukraine. Ukraine is mainly affected as it uses auto update feature of a software name M.E.Doc which is used for tax calculation of any firm working in this country. It also affected the security system of banks, energy companies, and government agencies (Batcheller et al., 2017). Certain preventive measure has been taken by organization to reduce risk of malware. Each organization should have a security awareness-training program for their employees to minimize the effect of ransomware (Choi, Scott LeClair, 2016). On the 27th June 2017 Petya ransomware came into action by encrypting computers from all across the globe. Petya is also known as Petwrap, Notpetya and GoldenEye in some of the countries. Petya mainly affected certain sectors like financial services, telecom and government agencies (Batcheller et al., 2017). Among all the countries from the globe Ukraine has been affected the most. It has got the hardest hit among all the nation due to the use of an auto update feature of M.E.Doc software. This particular software is mainly used for tax calculation of various firms operating in Ukraine (Choi, Scott LeClair, 2016). This attack mainly affected the banks, government agencies, media outlets operating in Ukraine. On comparison to wannacry ransomware petya has a less impact on the various systems. Petya has several windows hacking tools like PsExec and WMIC which is used to gather important information from the infected system(Akkas, Chachamis Fetahu, 2017). When a system is affected by Petya malware then it does not boot to windows, instead of that it shows a message with content that the user files are no longer accessible as they have been encrypted and nobody can recover the files until and unless ransom is provided to them. (Ivanova, 2017). How and why it occurred It is a second cyber attack after WannaCry breakout in May 2017. It has some characteristic similar to wannacry ransomware. Petya use more sophisticated method than wannacry ransomware (Batcheller et al., 2017). Petya used some windows administration tools like PsExec and WMIC for its impact on the various people of the world. This attack was mainly used to permanently encrypt all the data on an infected system. The malware was designed in such way that even if the victim pays the ransom, the data cannot be decrypt and recovered (Choi, Scott LeClair, 2016). Petya attack was mainly generated to maximize destruction on targeted organization of various nation. Some report from international organization suggested that this cyber attack is not initiated to gain money (Rosenberg et al., 2017). When a system is affected by Petya then the system does not boot up to Windows instead of it shows a highlighted box with message of encryption. The message tells the system user that the required files are more accessible and nobody can recover important files without decryption service. Petya malware came into action with the help of updating softwares. Pushing emails are also used for this attack. The malware not only affected files but it also encrypted the hard drives MBR and MFT. Petya took place due to the lack of cyber threats and breach awareness among the various organization of the world. Employee of various organization have good knowledge on various cyber security practices and use of third party softwares. Organization do not have any cyber security program, doing such program will help the employee as it will create awareness among them (Laszka, Farhang Grossklags 2017). Possible Solution A new file name vaccine is mainly used by researchers to stop the attack of this malware. Vaccine file is mainly placed in Windows directory which has a moderate success in stopping the execution of this malware. Malware and most of its components need administration right to run in any system, so organization must check the privileged access policies in their systems(Rosenberg et al., 2017). Every organization should have a security awareness program to educate their employees about various cyber attacks. Organization should have a tested backup and speedy recovery option for important information in their drive. Organization should check various system and data on the network. They must confirm that systems must be connected to internet only it is necessary. Security program and penetration test must be conducted across the various organizations of the world to minimize cyber attacks. Certain plans like effective enterprise and business continuity must be followed by organization t o measure effectiveness against ransomware and other attacks (Shackelford, 2017). From the above discussion it can be concluded that organization should create cyber security awareness among the employees. Petya attack took place due to an auto update feature of a software name M.E.Doc (Akkas, Chachamis Fetahu, 2017). A file named vaccine is developed by researchers to stop the attack of this malware. Cyber attack like Petya is not motivated to have financial gain instead of that it mainly focuses on bringing destruction to some specified organization (Rosenberg et al., 2017). Security awareness training programs must be conducted in every organization to create an awareness of various cyber attacks. Cyber security in different organization must be improved in order to cut the effects of various malwares (Zhukov, 2013). On 12 may 2017, a ransomware attack took place across a wide range of sectors ranging from health care to telecommunications (Martin, Kinross Hankin, 2017). A report stated that wannacry affected around 300,000 systems from 150 countries. Countries like Russia and China are affected mostly because of usage of high percentage of legacy softwares (Asch, Mattock Hosek, 2013). To minimize the effect of this ransomware certain kill switch technique was launched. Wannacry is a type of ransomware which mainly encrypts files, disk and locks systems (Martin, Kinross Hankin, 2017). A ransom of around 300 to 600 has been demanded in three bitcoin accounts against decrypting of files (Ehrenfeld, 2017). On 12 May 2017 a ransomware attack took place across a wide range of sectors like health care, government, telecommunication and gas. A report confirmed that it affected around 300,000 system from 150 countries. Countries like Russia and China are mostly affected due to high usage of legacy software (Ehrenfeld, 2017). The attackers initial attacked vectors . Then the malware named Wannacry encrypts the files present in the victims system and after that a ransom equating to 300 to 600 dollars has been demanded in bitcoins. Microsoft deserve some blame for poor windows security which resulted in Wannacry ransomware attack. The main problem that most of the system across the globe that has windows operating systems either they do not have automatic updates enabled or are so backdated that they cannot have security updates provided by Microsoft (Kuner et al ., 2017). Initially the attackers choose phishing emails as the mode of delivery of this malware. Wannacry attack took place across a wide range of sectors like health care, government, telecommunication and gas. A report confirmed that it affected around 300,000 system from 150 countries. Countries like Russia and China are mostly affected due to high usage of legacy software(Young Yung, 2017). In India Wannacry has effect like it hacked computers of Andhra Pradesh police department(Mohurle Patil, 2017). Chinas official agency Xinhua reported that many secondary schools and universities were affected due to this ransomware (Vuolo, 2017). Wannacry was developed using a piece of NSA code released by a group of hackers known as Shadow Brokers. The system infected are mostly found to be out of date (Rubin et al., 2016). In the beginning phishing emails are chosen as the mode of delivery of this malware. Attackers also used public accessible message block to spread the malware in a worm like way across the various system of the world. As soon as the infection starts the wannacry comes out with kill switch URL in order to check whether the malware is in sandbox environment or not (Mohurle Patil,2017). If the URL does not respond back then the malware starts to encrypt the victims file present in the system by using a method known as AES-128 cipher. After the encryption of victims file a ransom note is generated on the victims machine. The ransom note is made in text from library using rich text format (RTF) in multiple languages. The language of the note depends on machine location. When a system is affected by Wannacry ransomware malware then it typically affects the central information system for its activation. After that encryption of files takes place on the desired system with the help of infor mation from central information system (Ehrenfeld, 2017). After the successful encryption of files a ransom message is displayed on the system to decrypt the files. It continuously scans the internet IP in order to infect other systems (Martin, Kinross Hankin, 2017). Attacks like wannacry ransom can be prevented by using certain measures like backing up of network drives and care should be taken that all the important information are backed up by the employees (Sutherland et al,.2016). Phishing awareness must be generated among various employees of organization to avoid clicking on mails from unknown source (Mohurle Patil,2017). Organization should invest capital in right technologies so that ransomware can be detected easily(Asch, Mattock Hosek, 2013). Use of spam filters must be increased so that all incoming and outgoing e-mails can be detected easily (Kuner et al ., 2017). Antivirus must be updated to detect and prevent the systems from malware. The use of cloud services will prevent ransomware infection on various systems. Organization should frequently check the various system and data on the network (Mohurle Patil, 2017). They must ensure that systems are connected to internet only when it is necessary(Rubin et al., 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that organization should create cyber security awareness among the employees. Wannacry ransomware attack took place on 12 May 2017 (Young Yung, 2017). A mechanism known as kill switch has been developed by researchers to stop the attack of this malware. As soon as the infection starts in the system then wannacry comes out with kill switch URL in order to check whether the malware is in sandbox environment or not(Asch, Mattock Hosek, 2013). If the URL does not respond back then the malware starts to encrypt the victims file present in the system by using a method known as AES-128 cipher (Kuner et al ., 2017). Security awareness training programs must be conducted in every organization to create an awareness of various cyber attacks. Cyber security in different organization must be improved in order to cut the effects of various malware (Vuolo, 2017). References Akkas, A., Chachamis, C. N., Fetahu, L. (2017). Malware Analysis of WanaCry Ransomware. Batcheller, A., Fowler, S. C., Cunningham, R., Doyle, D., Jaeger, T., Lindqvist, U. (2017). Building on the Success of Building Security In.IEEE Security Privacy,15(4), 85-87. Choi, K. S., Scott, T. M., LeClair, D. P. (2016). Ransomware against police: diagnosis of risk factors via application of cyber-routine activities theory.International Journal of Forensic Science Pathology. Ivanova, T. P. (2017). Studying the impacts of event tourism on the host communities in Bulgaria. Laszka, A., Farhang, S., Grossklags, J. (2017). On the Economics of Ransomware.arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06247. Rosenberg, I., Shabtai, A., Rokach, L., Elovici, Y. (2017). Generic Black-Box End-to-End Attack against RNNs and Other API Calls Based Malware Classifiers.arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.05970. Shackelford, S. (2017). Exploring the Shared Responsibilityof Cyber Peace: Should Cybersecurity Be a Human Right?. Zhukov, I., Dmitry, M., Andrey, S., Dmitry, K., Anastasia, T., Alexander, Z. (2013). Security Software Green Head for Mobile Devices Providing Comprehensive Protection from Malware and Illegal Activities of Cyber Criminals.International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security,5(5), 1. Asch, B. J., Mattock, M. G., Hosek, J. (2013).A new tool for assessing workforce management policies over time. Rand Corporation. Ehrenfeld, J. M. (2017). WannaCry, Cybersecurity and Health Information Technology: A Time to Act.Journal of Medical Systems,41(7), 104. Kuner, C., Svantesson, D. J. B., H Cate, F., Lynskey, O., Millard, C. (2017). The rise of cybersecurity and its impact on data protection.International Data Privacy Law,7(2), 73-75. Martin, G., Kinross, J., Hankin, C. (2017). Effective cybersecurity is fundamental to patient safety. Mohurle, S., Patil, M. (2017). A brief study of Wannacry Threat: Ransomware Attack 2017.International Journal,8(5). Rubin, J., Taylor, J., Krapels, J., Sutherland, A., Felician, M., Liu, J., ... Rohr, C. (2016). Testing the Connection Between Social Spending and Better Health. Sutherland, J., Taylor, J., Krapels, J., Rubin , A., Felician, M., Liu, J., ... Rohr, C. (2016). Testing the Connection Between Social Spending and Better Health. Vuolo, J. (2017). Should we be using water filled gloves under the heel to prevent pressure ulcers?.benefits,10, 32. Young, A. L., Yung, M. (2017). Cryptovirology: The birth, neglect, and explosion of ransomware.Communications of the ACM,60(7), 24-26.

Legal Prostitution Vs. Illegal Prostitution Essays - Sex Industry

Legal Prostitution Vs. Illegal Prostitution Johnny Johnson Logic Legal Prostitution vs. Illegal Prostitution Johnny Johnson It is rather odd to think of how the oldest profession is being found as something of a harmful nature, which must be illegal. But legal prostitution is seen by a rather large number of individuals to have a negative effect on today's society. These are the people who are forcing women into illegal prostitution, which is far more destructive, due to many factors. In the following paragraphs, I am going to compare and contrast legal and illegal prostitution, in hope of sharing the possible benefits of legal prostitution. It is important I first discuss the negative effects of illegal prostitution to help the viewer have a better perspective of how legal prostitution can actually have a positive impact on society. Illegal prostitution is a common occurrence in most big cities. The major problem with non-legal prostitution is where it usually occurs. Prostitution is often found in the slums of big cities, where many of the young women feel forced into the profession because of hard economic conditions. A large percentage of the women are sadly hooked on drugs and end up trading sex to get high. If the poverty and the drug life are not bad enough, the women also get to look forward to their pimp, who will abuse them if they don't return with a suffice amount of money. The knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases is of extreme importance when it comes to such a topic. The sexual activities taking place in these areas are not regulated and although a good number of the women carry condoms, they are by no means protected. Many of the ladies will except extra money to allow the customers to have sex condom free. Rape is a harsh and brutal act, which is a common occurrence in street prostitution, where the women have no protection from either the man or the diseases he might be carrying. The women are also a danger to the men by carrying diseases they have possibly picked up from prior customers. Prostitutes get arrested quite often, but are let out to be an illegal prostitute for another day. Illegal prostitution is a major problem needing some sort of remedy. It is time to discuss the reasoning behind why legal prostitution is the needed remedy to this particular problem. Legal prostitution is being practiced in many other countries as well as a small area of our own country. In Nevada there are places set up to provide legally solicited sex, which are known as brothels. Brothels are the major difference between illegal and legal prostitution. Brothels handle prostitution in a business-like manner. The women are the merchandise brothels have to offer. Like any other type of business the merchandise is protected. Bodyguards are hired to watch over the women and react if any problems take place. The women also have better protection through strict enforcement of condom use and the ladies are tested for venereal diseases as well. As far as drug problems go, brothels do not provide the same kind environment where sex can be traded for drugs. Not to say all the women in legal prostitution are drug free, but it is far less of a problem. The ladies happen to have better living conditions than a streetwalker does. They make actual lives aside from the profession they take part in. These women, for the most part, live in nice homes and lead healthy lives. They have been given a chance to make enough money to pull themselves out of their poverty stricken neighborhoods. It must be kept in mind, most of the women do not want to be prostitutes, but feel they are forced into it because of their poor economic conditions. It is important to touch on the whole idea of how this affects today's society. Numerous amounts of people believe legal prostitution is wrong, but they might not understand how their belief is forcing women into illegal prostitution. In San Francisco, illegal prostitution is a major problem for the authorities. Many of the officers believe there should be a legal form of prostitution. Their reasoning behind this belief is that the women will be in a safer environment where there is far less drug problems and the police will not have the constant burden of arresting females who are going to continue to do what they are doing, regardless of police actions. Sexually transmitted diseases are a major concern for the women as well